Fuel injection apparatus



Jan. 26, 1960 A. E. HUSE 2,922,410

FUEL INJECTION APPARATUS Filed Nov. 8, 1955 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 a 3 1 O K N w x NM n: *2,

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FUEL INJECTION APPARATUS Filed Nov. 8, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. A'ETH U12 E. HUSE A TTOPNEK United States Patent FUEL INJECTION APPARATUS Arthur E. Huse, Springfield, Mass., assignor to American Bosch Arma Corporation, a corporation of New York Application November 8, 1955, Serial No. 545,723 8 Claims. (Cl. 123-140) This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus and has particular reference to a new and improved apparatus for spark ignition type internal combustion engines.

An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus of the type set forth which is relatively simple and economical in construction and operation.

Another object is to provide a new and improved control for fuel injection systems which control is relatively simple and economical and eflicient in operation.

Another object is to provide a new and improved control for fuel injection systems of the type set forth whereby fuel flow to the combustion chambers is controlled according to the air flow.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the preferred forms of the invention have been given by way of illustration only.

Referring to the drawings v Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a fuel injection system embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a diagrammaticview showing the invention applied to another form of fuel injection system.

Referring to the drawings wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout, the invention is shown in Fig. 1 applied to a system including the fuel injection pump having the outlets 11, each of which is connected to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or the like.

The quantity of fuel injected by the pump 10, which is of the distributor type, is controlled by the operating lever 12.

The injection pump 10 is of the type shown and described in Patent 2,772,668 or the type shown in application Serial No'. 503,072, filed April 22, 1955 by Nystrom et al., now Patent 2,828,728, issued April 1, 1958, to which application reference may be made for any further description necessary of the details of the pump. This pump is a timed metering injection pump in which the output is proportional to the position of lever 12.

The complete system includes the tank or source of fuel 13 and the fuel supply pump 14 adapted to supply fuel under pressure through lines 15 of which branch 15a is connected to the fuel pump 10 and is adapted to supply fuel thereto.

Branch 15b of line: 15 delivers fuel under pressure into groove 26 of pilot valve 17 and fuel is adapted to be returned from space 16 to tank 13 through branch line 18a which connects with line 18 which extends into tank 13.

Line 19 connects cylinder 16 with control cylinder 20 for the injection pump 10 and control piston 21 is positioned within the cylinder 20 and is connected to operating lever 12 by link 22. Spring 23 is provided in cylinder 20 on the opposite side of piston 21 from the point of connection of line 19 and normally urges piston 21 against the force of fluid entering cylinder 20 through line 19.

Piston 21 is provided with the annular groove or slot 24 which is connected with the portion of cylinder 20 into 7 2,922,410 Patented Jan. 26, 1960 'ice which fluid passes from line 19 by duct or port 25 and said groove 24' is connected by branch line 18b which in turn is connected to the bypass port of the pump line and return line 18b connects with line 18 for returning excess fuel to tank 13.

In the present system, the fuel, in addition to supplying fuel to the combustion chambers, also acts as a hydraulic fluid for actuating pump control piston 21 and the quantity and pressure of fuel entering cylinder 21 through line 19 is controlled by the pilot valve 17 which has the annular groove or slot 26 through which fuel may pass from line 15b to line 19 and the land portion 27 for wholly or partially preventing the passage of fuel from line'15b to line 19.

Pilot valve 17 'is provided with the land 28 at its end to prevent the free' passage of fuel to line 18a and valve 1'7'is provided with an axial duct 29 connected by radial port 30 with groove 31 whereby any fuel passing land 27 can be returned to cylinder 16.

The throttle body 32 contains the usual butterfly valve 33 which is connected to the engine throttle control in the usual manner and is adapted to be manually positioned in the usual manner and butterfly 33 is connected through lever 34 and links 35 and 36 to pilot valve 17 whereby the air passing through the" throttle body 32 will tend to position pilot valve 17 to control the fuel passing to cylinder 20 to properly set pump control piston 21.

. The setting of pilot valve 17 is corrected by piston 37 30 which is connected to the opposite end of lever 36 and piston 37 is positioned in cylinder 38 which is connected by line 39 with the engine manifold whereby piston 37 is actuated by engine manifold vacuum against the force of spring 40.

The letter R and arrow in Fig. 1 of the drawings shows the direction for adjustment of the pump control to provide a richer mixture, that is, additional fuel to enrich the mixture supplied to the engine.

The form of the invention shown in Fig. 2 utilizes a continuous flow fuel injection system rather than the distributor type fuel injection pump utilized in the form of Fig. 1. In the form of Fig. 2 is provided the distributor 41 to which is connected the lines 42 each of which is connected to its respective engine cylinder. In this form of the invention, tank 13 is connected by line 43 to fuel supply pump 44, such as the gear type, and the pump is connected by line 43a to pilot valve housing 45 which is provided with the pilot valve cylinder 16 and which has a line 46'connected to fuel metering valve cylinder 47 in which is positioned fuel metering valve 48 which has one end engaging spring 49 and its opposite end engaging fuel passing into cylinder 47. Pilot valve cylinder'16 and the passage of fuel into cylinder 4'] is controlled by pilot valve 17 in the same manner as described in connection with the form of the invention in Fig. 1.

In this form of the invention, the full load adjusting screw 50 is provided whereby the full load fuel quantity may be adjusted.

The fuel metering valve 48 is provided with the groove or slot 51 through which fuel may pass to line 4-6 through line 46d from which it is passed to distributor 41. Fuel passing into spring chamber 47a may return through bleed line 52 to cylinder 47. Slot or groove 51 in valve 43 is formed of such size that line 46a is never closed off regardless of the position of valve 48.

In this form of the invention, the branch line 43b is provided around pump 44 and this branch line is provided with pressure control check valve 53 for controlling the pressure of fuel in the system.

The operation of the system of this application is as 1 follows:

With the continuousinjection system as shown in Fig. 2, with the engine operating, for example, at one-half tapped oif and sent to the pilot valve and some of this fuel would bleed across the control edges and then to the fuel chamber on the right of the fuel metering valve.

This fuel .is also bled through the bleed port or bore 52 in the fuel metering valve 48 to the line 49 leading back to the tank 13.

It will be seen that the pressure drop across the control edges and the pressure drop across the fuel metering valve with air valve 33 in fixed position the speed would drop 7 thus resulting in less intake manifold depression or vacuum and movement of the manifold pressure piston 37 in a direction to increase fuel to the engine. Equilibrium would again be established at some slightly lower speed.

For a decrease in engine load, the opposite elfect occurs.

In this continuous injection system, the control would meter fuel correctly for engine operation over the normal operating range. However, for power enrichment at full load, for maximum performance, the fuel supply pump would have to be driven at some speed proportional vto invention operates similarly to that described above in connection with the arrangement of Fig. 2 except that the fuel passes from servo piston cylinder 16 to control cylinder 20 wherein the fuel operates on control piston 21 in the manner similar to that described in connection with metering valve 48 and control piston 21 operates to control the position of operating lever 12.

From the foregoing it will be seen that with the system of the present invention that for any fixed air throttle position and fixed intake manifold pressure that the control will automatically hunt a fuel/air ratio between best power and best economy and preferably thetlatter and holds or retains that set point by sensing any changes in engine load for that set period.

Also in addition to the advantages set forth above, it will be seen that no additional means are necessary to obtain full enrichment for starting and warmup of the engine as such enrichment is inherent in the system because valve 48 always finds the correct fuel/ air ratios for conditions existing at the moment.

Furthermore, inherently it provides enriched mixtures for acceleration and also, fuel shut otf for deceleration.

In addition, the present system eliminates the necessity of having flat speed-delivery characteristics in the case of a timed injection system, that is, it employs a distributor type pump, and furthermore, it eliminates the necessity of having a constant supply pump pressure.

This system also makes it possible to transfer a complete system from one engine to another of different displacement with no calibration required other than full load setting.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided new and improved means for obtaining all of the objects and advantages of the invention,

1 claim:

1. In a device of the character described, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, a fuel distributor adapted to distribute fuel pumped by said fuel pump, an air intake passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine, an air control :valve for controlling the passage to the intake manifold of air through said air passage, control means for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said fuel pump to said fuel distributor, a pilot valve for controlling the operation of said control means, said pilot valve being operatively connected to said air valve and to intake manifold pressure actuated means, mechanical connecting means connecting said 'air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting means, and a source of fluid pressure for actuating said fuel quantity control means, the fluid pressure from said source of fluid pressure to said fuel quantity control means being controlled by said pilot valve;

2. In a'device of the character described, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, a fuel distributor adapted to distribute fuel pumped by said fuel pump, an air intake passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine, an air control valve for controlling the passage to the intakepassage of air through said air passage, control means for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said fuel pump to said fuel distributor, a pilot valve for controlling the operation of said control means, said pilot valve being adapted to be controlled by said air valve and intake manifold pressure, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means,

said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting means, and a source of fluid pressure for actuating said fuel quantity control means, the fluid pressure from said source of fluid pressure to said fuel quantity control means being controlled by said pilot valve.

3. In a device of the character described, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, a fuel distributor adapted to distribute .fuel pumped by said fuel pump, an air intake passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine, an air control valve for controlling the passage to the intake passage of air through said air passage, control means for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said fuel pump to said fuel distributor, a pilot valve for controlling the operation of said control means, said pilot valve being operatively connected to a lever which is connected to said air valve and to a pressure actuated means adapted to be actuated by intake manifold pressure, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting' means, and a source of fluid pressure for actuating said fuel quantity control means, the fluid pressure from said source of fluid pressure to said fuel quantity control means being controlled by said pilot valve.

4. In a device of the character described, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, a fuel distributor, said fuel pump being adapted to be connected to a source of fuel and to said fuel distributor, an air intake passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine, an air control valvefor controlling the passage of air through said air passage to the intake manifold, a fuel valve. for controlling the passage of fuel from said fuel pump to said fuel distributor, a fuel bleed across said fuel valve, for normally allowing said valve to be urged towarda position wherein it will reduce the quantity of fuel delivered and means for controlling the operation of said fuel valve, said means comprising a pilot valve operatively connected to said air valve and to a manifold pressure actuated device, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical con necting means.

,5.- -In a device of the character described, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, a fuel distributor, said fuel pump being adapted to be connected to a source of fuel and to said fuel distributor, an air intake passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine, an air control valve for controlling the passage of air through said air passage to the intake manifold, a fuel valve for controlling the passage of fuel from said fuel pump to said fuel distributor, and means for controlling the operation of said fuel valve, said means comprising a pilot valve adapted to be actuated by said air valve and intake manifold pressure, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting means.

6. In a device of the character described, a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, a fuel distributor, said fuel pump being adapted to be connected to a source of fuel and to said fuel distributor, an air intake passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine, an air control valve for controlling the passage of air through said air passage to the intake manifold, a fuel valve for controlling the passage of fuel from said fuel pump to said fuel distributor, and means for controlling the operation of said fuel valve, said means comprising a pilot valve operatively connected to a lever which is connected to said air valve and to a pressure actuated means adapted to be actuated by intake manifold pressure, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting means.

7. In a device of the character described, a fuel injection pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, said pump having a control, a source of fuel, a cylinder, pressure actuated means in said cylinder and operatively connected to said pump control, an air passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine and an air valve for controlling the passage of air through said passage to the intake manifold, a line connecting said source of fuel to said cylinder and a pilot valve communicating with said line, said pilot valve being adapted to be controlled by said air valve and intake manifold pressure, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting means.

8. In a device of the character described, a fuel injection pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, said pump having a control, a source of fuel, a cylinder, pressure actuated means in said cylinder and operatively connected to said pump control, an air passage adapted to supply air to said combustion chambers of said internal combustion engine and an air valve for controlling the passage of air through said passage to the intake manifold, a line connecting said source of fuel to said cylinder and a pilot valve communicating with said line, said pilot valve being connected to a lever which is connected to said air valve and to a pressure actuated means adapted to be actuated by intake manifold pressure, mechanical connecting means connecting said air control valve and said manifold vacuum operated means, said connecting means being connected to said pilot valve by second mechanical connecting means.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,031,527 Dodson Feb. 18, 1936 2,103,126 Sugihara Dec. 21, 1937 2,244,669 Becker June 10, 1941 2,414,322 Mock Jan. 14, 1947 2,427,835 Campbell Sept. 23, 1947 2,447,265 Beardsley Aug. 17, 1948 2,774,414 Machlanski Dec. 18, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 214,689 Switzerland Aug. 1, 1941 

